Iraqi Airways incorporated in 1945 is the oldest airline in the Middle East and the national flag carrier of Iraq. It operates both domestic and regional services, and its main operational base is Baghdad International Airport.

On 30 May 2003, Iraqi Airways announced plans to resume international services. The rights to the Iraqi Airways name was transferred to a new and separate company named Iraqi Airways Company that would structure a new airline with the objective of protecting it from past accumulated legal issues. Operations restarted on 3 October 2004 with a flight between Baghdad and Amman. The flight operations were conducted by aircraft owned and operated by Teebah Airlines an offshore airline based in Jordan.  Later in 2009 with a Boeing 737-300 leased from Seagle Air and with a Boeing 737-400 leased from Tor Air and Blue Wings, a German airline.  On 13 January 2010, Blue Wings ceased operations causing all flights operating for Iraqi Airways to be suspended.

On 26 May, 2010, Amer Abdul-Jabbar, Iraq's transport minister, stated the cabinet decided to dissolve the company over the next three years and pursue private options to avoid compensation claims by the State of Kuwait over the 1990-91 war.